Vol. 5 (2017) - Issue 2

Vol. 5 (2017) - Issue 2

March 28, 2024 2024-03-29 21:47

ABSTRACTS

Nigeria : Terreur sous couvert religieux

Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad – better known as Boko Haram – has killed more than 20.000 persons in Nigeria’s north-east since 2009. More than two million people had to leave their homes in order to escape. Boko Haram is often only portrayed as a religious movement which wants to establish the sharia all over Nigeria. But there are various causes why people still join the group. It includes the sense of marginalization and the lack of prospects. Although these factors are well-known neither the federal government in Abuja nor the state government in Maiduguri – state capital of Borno – have managed to create a secure environment with job opportunities, infrastructure and promising perspectives for the young generation in the north-east

La relation entre le Coran et la Poésie – Antidote contre le fondamentalisme

The article advocates for the idea that a fundamentalistic interpretation of the Qurʾān not only disregards the text’s historicity but also its linguistic and literary structure. He therefore shows that the salafist interpretation is not simply anti-intellectual. It is also characterised by a threefold reduction - textual, epistemic and literary. He contrasts the salafist interpretation with the approach of the medieval scholar ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Ǧurjānī who emphasizes the necessity of an analysis informed by literary science and who relates the Qurʾān to poetry. Thus salafism is regarded as an anti-traditional traditionalism.

L’Afrique et l’Europe entre fractures et résiliences communautaires : Désamorcer le fondamentalisme religieux

The current article presents with an contextual awareness african attempts to solve community fractures caused by religious fundamentalism. It highlights experiences made in Senegal, Burkina Faso and Morocco, showing them as models for Europe in its difficult fight for an adequate approach of religious fundamentalism. Emphasising emphasizing prevention, the article opens up approaches which further community-based resiliences to religious fundamentalism, namely the fight against population impoverishment seen as creating a favourable environment for religious fundamentalism, the ideological and not contextualised use of key religious concepts as a source of religious manipulation, the importance of a positif religious and political leadership as well as more in depth reflections on the relationships between « the closed and the opened », the profane and the religious.

La xénophobie : un « anti-fondamentalisme » ? Réflexions sur les développements sociétaux en Europe

The rise of xenophobic attitudes in Europe is seen an « understandable reaction » towards refugees and foreigners who are being associated with fundamentalist positions. Xenophobia is linked with certain discourses : with a policy of identity that strictly distinguishes the « own » from the « other »; a nationalisation and culturalisation of societal live; an idea of « integration » that leads to the suppression of all that is foreign; an attitude of irresponsivity (lack of responsiveness) that is unable to rise to new challenges; a paternalism that exoticises « the other »; and a logic of « idiotisation » (from the Greek word idios : own) which, in the social perception, revolves only around itself, around one’s « own ». In contrast, the attitude of « Catholicity » proves itself as a reference to the whole of life and society and as the ability to let one be challenged by the other. Such a « Catholic » attitude is to be seen as a clear opposite to fundamentalist positions.

Des violences perpétrées au nom de Dieu à leurs conséquences dans les rapports sociétaux

The text below gives a general picture of violences in the world, which are perpetrated in the name of God. The author, an imam, presents a large view of world conflicts and invites to situate them in their respective historical context. Thus, he pleads for a differenciated view on the so called religious wars in order to identify their real motives, which are most of the time political or economical. He denounces all fundamentalisms and integrisms often induced by an inauthentic relationship to religion or to religious leaders. The general picture includes the (geo)political dynamics at an international level, taking into account the influcence of economical interests.

Perspective biblique sur le fondamentalisme religieux : « La lettre tue, l’esprit vivifie » (2 Co 3,6b)

n the current article, the author deals with fundamentalism from the starting point of the letter-spirit dialectic as adressed by Paul in 2 Co 3,6b : « the letter kills and the spirit gives life ». Although the author’s perspective is exegetical, he brings into the debate an interdisciplinary perspective which leads him to theological, philosophical, psychanalytical and anthropological interpretations of this dialectic. All this helps him to come up with critics from liberationists and feminists. Then, he highlights fundamentalism as schizophrenia and adresses the dead-life complementarity in an african context as an intercultural explanation of the dialectic. Finally, the author considers the hermeneutics of derision or irony as the antidote to fundamentalism, though this still has to be confirmed in other religions than christianity.

Fundamentalising « the Other » as Fundamentalist – Perspectives on Neo-Fundamentalism in Germany

The current article understands fundamentlism as a modern phenomenon and as a product of cultural exchange processes as well as a product of reciprocal global interactions. Something new arises from the mixture of endogen and exogen cultural factors, even where one appeals to the authority of a sacred past. Two examples, namely the discourse of the german populist politician, Björn Höcke, and the public perception of refugees and migrants from north Africa in Germany reveals how racists, populists and fundamentalist-nativitists give a new birth to intersectional and neocolonial strategies in order to establish an dichotomical and hierarchical order between « we » and « the others ». With an appeal to access the global fundamentalist phenomena, Jahnel pleads for a critical deconceptualisation of notions and concepts which categorise « the others » as dangerous strangers and sometimes as fundamentalists. The article ends with theological reflections which lead towards the alternative of an orthopathy which is guided by an epistemology « of the other ».

XOF West African CFA franc
EUR Euro